Natural Hazards

Volcanic eruptions threaten more than one in ten people worldwide, with the greatest risk at volcanoes reawakening after long quiescence. In these settings, eruptions are often explosive and nearby communities may be unprepared.  After obtaining his PhD at IEEF, Dr Eric Newland has been working on the NERC-funded project “FEVER: Forecasting Eruptions at Volcanoes after

Turbulent flows are known to broaden with downstream distance, owing to the entrainment and mixing of ambient fluid into the flow. In the special case where the background is non-turbulent, the entrainment across the interface between the turbulent flow and the non-turbulent ambient is driven by viscous diffusion of the turbulent fluid into the ambient. 

This week’s scheduled speaker, Angus Fotherby, was unwell and could not give the first seminar of the new year. We wish him a quick recovery and hope he will be able to return before the end of term to tell us about Chromium contamination and remediation in India. Today, professor Andy Woods discussed a number

Wave breaking occurs at the ocean surface at moderate to high wind speeds, with significant impacts on the transfer of momentum, energy and mass between the ocean and the atmosphere. When waves break, the water surface overturns: this generates bubbles and sea spray and largely enhances the gas exchange.  Stéphane Popinet, from the Institut d’Alembert

The accurate modelling of geophysical flows often requires information which is difficult to measure and therefore poorly quantified. For example, it is difficult to estimate the viscosity of lava during a volcanic eruption, or some of the properties of the ice flowing within a glacier.  However, when the flow is bounded by a free surface,

Large lakes tend to be thermally stratified, with a layer of relatively warm water near the surface, and a deeper layer of colder water underneath. The temperature of the surface water fluctuates over the year, while the temperature of the deeper water remains more stable: hence, the thermal stratification is strongest during the summer, when

During the second part of today’s seminar, MPhil student James Sear presented the results of his new experiments on turbulent plumes in a cross-flow. During the last few months, James has been studying what happens when a steady flux of contaminants are released into a river: the contaminants are transported by the current, while being

The coastal ocean is a highly dynamic and vital biogeochemical mediator between land and sea. Coastal waters frequently experience poor water quality: this is partly due to submarine groundwater discharges, in which polluted water is released at the bottom of the ocean. These discharges are relatively poorly understood, and research is ongoing to characterise them.